who is the religious leader of islam
The Holy Prophet himself has said: This son of mine, Husayn is an Imam, son of an Imam, brother of an Imam and father of nine Imams. Accounts of the ascension (mi'raj) of Muhammad have captured the imaginations of writers and painters for centuries. [4] Imams have a meaning more central to belief, referring to leaders of the community. His public preaching aroused opposition from other clans of his tribe. Ayatollahs can reach the position of a Marja-e-Taqlid, which allows them to issue fatwi (Arabic, plural of "fatwa"). They eventually married. (Traditionally, a congregations Imam is a man; a woman may serve as prayer leader for a women-only gathering.) In Islam, an Imam is a religious leader who often leads congregational prayers in a mosque. In that case, the traditional Mufti may well be replaced by a university or madrasa professor who informally functions as adviser to the local Muslim community in religious matters such as inheritance, divorce, etc. This faith-based code of conduct directs Muslims on how they should live in nearly every aspect of their lives. All Rights Reserved. Some titles for traditional Islamic leaders include Caliph, Imam, Sheikh, Mufti, Mujtahid and Allamah. Watch the red carpet livestream on our website starting at 6 pm. Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Religious leadership in Islamic social circles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_religious_leaders&oldid=1147270042, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 March 2023, at 21:21. In Islam, an Imam is a religious leader who often leads congregational prayers in a mosque. For instance, unlike many earlier Western accounts, no attempt will be made to remove supernatural elements from the narrative in the interest of transforming it into an account that appears plausible by modern historiographical standards. Lithograph by Carlo Bossoli, Imam Khomeini, leader of the Iranian revolution, A Bosniak military imam in the Austro-Hungarian Army, Grand Mufti Mirza Huseyn Qayibzade of Tbilisi, Grand Mufti Absattar Derbisali of Kazakhstan, Portrait of Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus Ahmad Huseinzadeh by Ali bey Huseynzadeh, Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus Abdussalam Akhundzadeh. Most of the Meccan population converted to Islam. Recite for your lord is most generous. These words became the opening verses of srah (chapter) 96 of the Qur'an. The treaty was broken by the Meccan allies a year later. Updated: Sep 24, 2020. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, following many years of resistance to Shah Pahlavi. Only a few of the most important ayatollah of one of the ayatollahs refer to him in many situations and ask him to publish his Juristic book in which he answers the vast majority of daily Muslim affairs. 151 0 obj <> endobj The Islamic calendar indicates the proper days of Islamic holidays and celebrations, including the period of fasting and prayer known as Ramadan, which occurs during the ninth month of the calendar. It is used as an honorific in Sunni Islam as well as in Shia Islam. Updated: Sep 24, 2020. In recent years, Islams supposed association with terrorism and mass murder has sparked a political debate in many countries. WebCaliph is the term for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. Therefore, it is also common too for kris, weapons, gamelan, trees and certain venerated cattles. The angel ordered Muhammad to recite the words of Allah. Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. Every person at the day of judgement will also be called by his Imam. Islam does not have an ordained clergy with authority over rites and rituals. The titles of Ayatollah and Grand Ayatollah exist only in the Shiite sect of Islam. WebMuhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. Islam also spread throughout areas in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Muhammad is traditionally said to have been born in 570 in Mecca and to have died in 632 in Medina, where he had been forced to emigrate to with his adherents in 622. The concept of Imam has its origins in the Quran. Eventually the Sunni majority (named for sunna, or tradition) won out, and chose Muhammads close friend Abu Bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the Islamic community. He had four daughters and at least two sons (both of whom died as infants) with Khadjah and probably another son (who also died young) by a later wife or concubine, Mriyah. Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. e. Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. Several trade routes intersected at Mecca, allowing the Quraish to control trade along the west coast of Arabia, north to Syria, and south to Yemen. In 630, the Muslim army marched into Mecca, taking the city with minimum casualties. Eid al-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadanthe Islamic holy month of fasting. This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. These portrayals, while somewhat rare, are not unheard of as there were (and still are) many different attitudes toward depicting the Prophet, and humans in general, in the Islamic world. 180 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[151 77]/Info 150 0 R/Length 134/Prev 324669/Root 152 0 R/Size 228/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream In 681, Alis son Hussein led a group of 72 followers and family members from Mecca to Karbala (present-day Iraq) to confront the corrupt caliph Yazid of the Ummayad dynasty. WebImam: prayer leader; may also function as a spiritual advisor and expert in Islamic Law. He taught that there was no other God but Allah and that Muslims should devote their lives to this God. WebLeadership. Shiite Muslims believe that only the caliph Ali and his descendants are the real successors to Muhammad. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Men and women pray separately, and Muslims may visit a mosque five times a day for each of the prayer sessions. He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina. Sarah Pruitt is a writer and editor based in seacoast New Hampshire. In Sunni belief, the term is used for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of religious jurisprudence (fiqh). For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. There Muhammad was instrumental in bringing an end to a civil war raging amongst several of the citys tribes. Muhammad was born into the most powerful tribe in Mecca, the Quraish, around 570 A.D. Enter valid first name and last name with at least one space. Divine Revelations Here follows a list of the Twelvers Shia imams: Fatimah, also Fatimah al-Zahraa, daughter of Muhammed (615632), is also considered infallible but not an Imam. Recent surveys have found that in countries with high Muslim populations, the majority of Muslims have overwhelmingly negative views of terrorist groups like ISIS. See List of rulers of Oman, the Rustamid dynasty: 776909, Nabhani dynasty: 11541624, the Yaruba dynasty: 16241742, the Al Said: 1744present for further information. WebImam: prayer leader; may also function as a spiritual advisor and expert in Islamic Law. Saturday, 29 Apr 2023. Certain tensions with the Islamic narrative of the Prophets life remain, however. Finally, it is distinctly possible that some reports about events in Muhammads life emerged not from historical memory but from exegetical speculation about the historical context of particular verses of the Qurn. 8:10 AM MYT. WebSunnis revere all four caliphs, while Shi'is regard 'Ali as the first spiritual leader. The Islamic calendar, also called the Hijra calendar, is a lunar calendar used in Islamic religious worship. It is commonly used to refer to the official that leads the prayers at the mosques. They thought that 'Ali, Muhammad's closest surviving blood male relative, should be their next leader (caliph). It also outlines marriage guidelines and other moral principles for Muslims. Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. The controversial term radical Islam has become a well-known label to describe the religions connection to acts of violence. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. The person that should be chosen, according to Hadith, is one who has most knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah (prophetic tradition) and is of good character. Muhammad was born around 570, AD in Mecca (now in Saudi Arabia). When Umar was assassinated six years after being named caliph, Uthman, Muhammads son-in-law, took the role. He undertook his miraculous Night Journey (Isr) from Mecca to Jerusalem, where he prayed with Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Other passages mention military encounters between Muhammads followers and the unbelievers. It is an Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word or Khalfah, which means "successor", that is, successor to the Muhammad. Muhammad and his followers then proceeded to destroy all of the statues of pagan gods in and around the Kaaba. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Author of, Professor of Arabic and Islmic Studies, University of Edinburgh, 196479. Abu Bakr died about two years after he was elected and was succeeded in 634 by Caliph Umar, another father-in-law of Muhammad. Such evidence provides sufficient confirmation of the historical existence of an Arab prophet by the name of Muhammad. Most Muslims believe that Muhammads scribes wrote down his words, which became the Quran. This was especially true for members of Muhammads own tribe, the Quraysh, who were the guardians of the Kaaba. WebIn everyday terms, an imam for Sunni Muslims is the one who leads Islamic formal ( Fard) prayers, even in locations besides the mosque, whenever prayers are done in a group of two or more with one person leading (imam) and the others following by copying his ritual actions of worship. The title of "Grand Mufti" (Arabic: ) refers to the highest official of religious law in some Muslim countries.[3][4]. Kyai or Kiai is a title originally used in Javanese culture. Muezzin (the word is pronounced this way Turkish, Urdu, etc. However, nowadays it is common in Indonesia to call any elderly preacher from any cultural background with this title. Neither of them are representative of the vast majority of Sunni Muslims or the vast majority of Shia Muslims around the world, says Hazleton of the fundamentalist regimes governing both Saudi Arabia and Iran. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Other, smaller Muslim denominations within the Sunni and Shiite groups exist. Muslims also revere some material found in the Judeo-Christian. In Medina, Muhammad continued to receive divine revelations and built an ever-expanding community around the new faith. When he was roughly forty, Muhammad began having visions and hearing voices. Friday sermon is most often given by an appointed imam. The other faction, the Sunnis, believed that the Prophet's successor should be determined by consensus and successively elected three of his most trusted companions, commonly referred to as the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman), as leaders of the Muslim community; 'Ali succeeded them as the fourth caliph. (Lyons Press, 2017), which chronicles some of history's most famous disappearances. The principle of aniconism (opposition to the use of icons or religious idols) was an early feature of Islam, though under some historical dynasties or in some regions the prohibition was only partially or selectively enforcede.g., under the Abbsid dynasty (7501258) it applied only to public buildings. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The ninth of them is their Qa'im who will fill the earth with justice and fair-play as it be filled with tyranny and oppression.. Starting in about 613, Muhammad began preaching throughout Mecca the messages he received. Ayatollah means "sign of God"; those who carry it are considered experts in Islamic studies. After the holy Qur'an, the sayings of the Prophet (hadith) and descriptions of his way of life (sunna) are the most important Muslim texts. Muhammad settled in Medina, building his Muslim community and gradually gathering acceptance and more followers. Some seven years later, Muhammad and his many followers returned to Mecca and conquered the region. Eventually the Sunni majority (named for sunna, or tradition) won out, and chose Muhammads close friend Abu Bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the Islamic community. Searching for clarity, he would sometimes meditate at Mount Hira, near Mecca. Moreover, some of the narratives in question are patently adaptations of biblical motifs designed to present Muhammad as equal or superior to earlier prophetic figures such as Moses and Jesus. According to Islamic tradition, his father died before Muhammad was born, and his mother died when he was a young child. He concluded a truce with Mecca in 628 but later forced it to submit. These were traditionally Muftis who used interpretation (ijtihad) to clarify Islamic law, but in many modern secular contexts, Islamic law is no longer the law of the land. They illustrate a narrative in biographies and histories, while in literary texts they serve as visual analogues to written praises of the Prophet. Some Orientalists wrote the title as Khalf. The roots of the Sunni-Shia divide can be traced all the way back to the seventh century, soon after the death of the prophet Muhammad in A.D. 632.
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