thalassemia minor and covid immunity
Let's look at why and how to get support to stop drinking: While not as serious as other causes of chest pain, anemia-related chest pain can be a sign that your current treatment plan isn't working. Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? Immunity is your body's ability to protect you from getting sick when you are exposed to an infectious agent ("germ") such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or fungus. In fact, some people prefer being able to communicate with their healthcare providers from the comfort of their own home. Summary document for interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized or approved in the United States. According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists risk factors that have been identified for developing severe COVID-19, and blood type does not appear. Like in alpha-thalassemia minor, your red blood cells will be smaller, and you may experience mild anemia. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing part of your red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygen throughout your body. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people with thalassemia may be at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. For adults who are immunocompromised, the CDC recommends: People with thalassemia were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, so its unclear if vaccines are as effective for people with thalassemia as the general population. Here, experts weigh in on what you really need to know. S124: Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. Blood type has been identified as a risk factor in many diseases, from cancer to venous and arterial thromboembolism. Thalassemia may cause you to experience anemia-like symptoms that range from mild to severe. A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. -. Gholinataj Jelodar M, Mirzaei S, Dehghan Chenari H. Clin Case Rep. 2022 Aug 3;10(8):e6114. Impact of IFN-1a in treatment of a COVID-19 patient with beta thalassemia and diabetes mellitus: A case report. Some researchers hypothesize that thalassemia might be protective against COVID-19 as it is against malaria. COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. To inherit thalassemia, both your parents must pass down the affected gene to you. They may not live a normal lifespan. Only one gene is damaged. In fact, fewer than 57% of all Americans know their blood type, according to a 2019 survey from Quest Diagnostics. Beta-thalassemia causes symptoms related to anemia, including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop. "All may acquire COVID-19 and all should take the recommended precautions to reduce the risk.". Blood clots are fairly common with COVID-19, and many physicians view it as a disease of blood vessels. Key points about beta thalassemia in children. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. (Note: The overall mortality rate for COVID-19 is currently less than 1%.). Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. When a population has people with pre-existing immunity, as the T cell studies may be indicating is the case, the herd immunity threshold based on an R 0 of 2.5 can be reduced from 60% of a population getting infected right down to 10%, depending on the quantity and distribution of pre-existing immunity among people, Gupta's group calculated. Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, thalassemia can affect your ability to become pregnant and increase your risk of complications if you do. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Strategies to enhance information sharing, Strategies to enhance information sharing between healthcare professionals and patients and their families, Patient pathways during the pandemic: general pathway (left panel) and transfusiondependent patient pathway, A proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of COVID19 in patients with haemoglobinopathies [Colour, MeSH So, its important to know your status. Vitamin and mineral supplementation for -thalassemia during COVID-19 pandemic. Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, The Hidden Signs You May Have a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite, Alpha Thalassemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More, Alopecia Areata and Diet: Foods to Eat and Avoid. Doctors sometimes incorrectly prescribe iron supplements for people with thalassemia trait if they mistake their symptoms for iron deficiency. Learn more about COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or beta-thalassemia trait. Li L, et al. In general, if both parents have thalassemia trait, theres a: Because more genes are involved in alpha-thalassemia trait, there are several possible outcomes depending on each parents combination of genes. De Sanctis V, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6114. The study found that patients with blood types A and AB were found to be more likely to require mechanical ventilation and to require dialysis for kidney failure. Experts estimate 1.5% of the worlds population to be carriers. 1 Platt L, Warwick R. Are some ethnic groups Some genes contribute to the alpha chain, while others contribute to the beta chain. Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. There has also been a shortage at other steps in the process, such as personnel available to perform collections, as well as process and deliver donated blood. The information in this article is current as of the date listed. Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. Delaporta P, et al. Consider talking with a doctor about testing for thalassemia trait if theres a history of thalassemia or thalassemia trait in your family, or if you plan to have a child with someone who has the trait or a family history of it. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. A Southeast Asian perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: hemoglobin E (HbE)-trait confers resistance against COVID-19. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The dosages and timing, however, should be carefully discussed with your healthcare before starting any supplement. Moreover, the excess amount of iron, contributing to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, alters the immune system in -thalassemia, which is important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among people aged 36 or older, an average of 60% of thalassemia patients had at least one coexisting condition (100% in the non-transfusion dependent group and 41.7% in the transfusion-dependent group). This means you have lower levels of hemoglobin, which could result in mild anemia. 2020;105(4):378-386.doi:10.1111/ejh.13476, Yadav U, Pal R. Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Biomed. Should people with thalassemia take vitamins and mineral supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic? In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. . may help support the immune system's ability to fight infections. Blood types are split up into four major groups, all dependent on the presence or absence of two specific antigens on the surface of the blood: A and B, according to the American Red Cross. Epub 2020 Apr 27. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you have beta-thalassemia minor. Who's at Risk for Long COVID? Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Strategies to enhance information sharing between healthcare professionals and patients and their families by developing communication channel and tools (A), setting up a protocol for answering patient queries (B) and maintaining a regular flow of quality information to patients (C) [Colour figure can be viewed at, Patient pathways during the pandemic: general pathway (left panel) and transfusiondependent patient pathway (right panel) [Colour figure can be viewed at, A proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of COVID19 in patients with haemoglobinopathies [Colour figure can be viewed at. 8600 Rockville Pike The allergy can develop after a, This inherited blood disorder usually requires vitamin supplement. Everybody except for 1 of the 16 people in the study required regular blood transfusions. Could some people with thalassemia have a natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2? There are two types of alpha-thalassemia trait. Clin Lab Med. (2022). (2020). EHA and TIF Explore How COVID-19 Is Affecting Thalassemia and SCD Patients. Vaccination can help prevent COVID-19 infection and prevent severe illness if you do. On one side of the equation, glucocorticoids can slow the clearance of the virus from the respiratory tract. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Some of the publications discussing pregnancy in a patient with COVID19 infection mentioned thalassemia, thalassemia trait, and thalassemia minor in the list of comorbidities in the description of their included patients characteristics. States with religious and philosophical exemptions from school immunization requirements. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe anemia that requires frequent blood transfusions. This condition can cause abrupt changes in blood pressure or heart rate that may worsen a person's condition during a COVID-19 infection. Diagnosis. Try taking a few moments to list a few of the positive areas in your life. Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with -thalassemia. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. The prevalence among those who were transfusion dependent was roughly the same as people without thalassemia. Current recommendations for those in the United States is that iron chelation therapy be continued unless symptoms of COVID-19 develop. The types are beta thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor. Differences in how people have reacted to COVID-19and whyhave occupied researchers throughout the pandemic. Iron overload: Frequent transfusions due to thalassemia can cause a build up of iron in the blood, which can, in turn, lead to heart disease, liver disease, diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, and other issues.These conditions are linked to poorer COVID-19 outcomes. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. 2020;143:110014.doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110014, Motta I, De Amicis MM, Pinto VM, et al. Korin Miller is a freelance writer specializing in general wellness, sexual health and relationships, shopping, and lifestyle trends, with work appearing in Womens Health, Self, Prevention, Forbes, Daily Beast, and more. PMC 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of "Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time. Other types of thalassemia cause more severe symptoms that can be found earlier in life, usually before a child is . The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. FDA Approves First Cell-Based Gene Therapy to Treat Adult and Pediatric Patients with Beta-thalassemia Who Require Regular Blood Transfusions. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or beta-thalassemia trait, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/alpha-thalassemia/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703506/, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/thalassemia-major/, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijlh.12527, hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-thalassemia, thalassemia.org/i-have-a-thalassemia-trait/, journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0969141314548203, stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-022-02768-5, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7326097/, gimjournal.org/article/S1098-3600(21)02253-X/fulltext, cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html, nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thalassemia/pregnancy, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-022-06519-y, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955557/, thalassemia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/WhatIsThalTrait_sm.pdf, Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia. Here are some frequently asked questions people have about beta thalassemia and COVID-19 vaccines. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. Orphanet J Rare Dis. While blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy (iron-binding drugs that are sometimes given via infusion) require traveling to a clinic or hospital, there are many healthcare visits that can be handled virtually. While Health is trying to keep our stories as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources. The information in this story is accurate as of press time. Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia, 3rd ed. People with the intermedia or major forms of the disease have HBB mutations from both parents. There are very few medications that are contraindicated (should not be used) in people who may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or who have developed a COVID-19 infection. But you can pass the gene on to future generations. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who . Thalassemia may increase the risk of serious outcomes of COVID-19. Quite a bit of research has been published about blood type and COVID-19 risk. Its also the only way to tell if youre a silent carrier. While there are no specific guidelines at this time, some researchers believe that hemoglobin levels should be monitored closely in people with thalassemia if they develop COVID-19, even when symptoms are only mild. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by an inherited mutation in your HBB gene. chenevex, France. A simple blood test could let a doctor know if you have alpha- or beta-thalassemia minor. COVID vaccine & autoimmune disease FAQ. This could be dangerous, as too much iron can cause serious health problems. Objectives: (2022). eCollection 2023. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. With thalassemia trait, your red blood cells are smaller than those in people who dont have the trait. Types include alpha and beta thalassemia. Most children with moderate to severe thalassemia show signs and symptoms within their first two years of life. As an example, on March 17, 2020, the Red Cross announced that their blood reserves were reduced by around 80% in the United States due to canceled donations and reduced distribution. doi:10.1002/ajh.25840, Farmakis D, Giakoumis A, Cannon L, et al. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes you not to make enough hemoglobin, a protein in your blood. 2023 Feb 14;9:1082611. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1082611. Since thalassemia trait causes only mild symptoms, if any, it usually doesnt affect life expectancy. People with thalassemia minor or trait usually do not need blood transfusions because they either do not have anemia or have only a mild anemia. The CDC recommends mRNA vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. COVID-19. They also shouldnt get it if they have a known allergy to a component of the vaccine. If you become infected, it's important to talk to a doctor knowledgeable about thalassemia regarding any special precautions you should take or changes to your medical plan.
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