in what style was the book of exodus written
The 2020 book "The Origins of You: How Childhood Shapes Later Life," written by a team of four developmental psychologists, showed that children who grow up in disadvantaged neighborhoods are . Buy Book Amazon Barnes & Noble Books a Million Bookshop Harold had a whole life he never shared with his brother: He became a surgeon, married, adopted a childand then fled it all after a . Forty years later, God appears to Moses as a burning bush and sends him to deliver Israel from the hand of Pharaoh. It is four hundred years later and Egypt's new Pharaoh, who does not remember Joseph, is fearful that the enslaved and now numerous Israelites could become a fifth column. Book of Exodus: The Book of Exodus is the second book of the Bible. Thank you Jeffery. Written in Sahidic Coptic script, the biblical manuscript to which the bifolium once belonged was produced in Egypt in the eighth . Another book that was written during the period of the apocalyptic movement in which the Dead Sea sect came into existence is the Book of Enoch, or I Enoch. There God institutes his system of laws, gives instruction in . This particular book is considered to be having tremendous spiritual significance among the people. The whole Torah is a carefully, intentionally edited work. Glad to hear theyre useful, Scottthanks for the kind words! We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It narrates the story of the Exodus, in which the Israelites leave slavery in Biblical Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, who has chosen them as his people. These potential influences serve to reinforce the conclusion that the Book of Exodus originated in the exiled Jewish community of 6th-century BCE Babylon, but not all the potential sources are Mesopotamian: the story of Moses's flight to Midian following the murder of the Egyptian overseer may draw on the Egyptian Story of Sinuhe. I appreciate to effort that took . :). [8][9], However, a majority of scholars believe that the story has some historical basis,[10][11] though disagreeing widely about what that historical kernel might have been. So I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey. The books of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes contain many such sayings that deal with a variety of aspects of daily living that can be used as a general guide. books. Moses is commanded by God to fix the spring month of Aviv at the head of the Hebrew calendar. Exodus is the second book in the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament), or Torah (from "law" or "instruction" in Hebrew). There seem to be two parallel accounts of the same event, woven together by the skillful redactor into a continuing story. This book is made in the style of Condensed Copywork without the vocabulary and language arts activities. Read | Ordinary Time in the Christian Liturgical Year. The Exodus of God's people out of Egypt is "the greatest redemptive event in the Old Testament," says Don Carson. these events from Exodus are foundational to the Jewish faith. Listen to Chuck Swindolls overview of Exodus in his audio message from the Classic series Gods Masterwork. This understanding is called The Threefold Purpose of the Law. 2:23) while the pharaoh of the oppression was still alive. Thanks, Bill! Pharaoh's daughter finds the child, names him Moses, and brings him up as her own. Instant PDF downloads. Thank you! [7] Instead, they argue how modern archaeology suggests continuity between Canaanite and Israelite settlements, indicating a heavily Canaanite origin for Israel, with little suggestion that a group of foreigners from Egypt comprised early Israel. Witchcraft is a practice that involves the use of spells, incantations, special objects, symbols, and ceremonies to by Matt Slick | Mar 22, 2023 | Questions, Marriage, Sexuality. In Exodus itself, Moses is described as writing down Israels laws as given to him by God. this page. Later (chapter 34), at Gods command, Moses cuts two new stone tablets, upon which after hearing Gods various promises and exhortations, he writes the words of the covenant, the ten commandments; finally, he brings the new tablets down to the people and tells them what YHWH has commanded. 8 The Journey Continues. Rev. 2 Corinthians 4:4 says that the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, so they will not see the CARM is a nonprofit, non-denominational, multi-staffed Christian Apologetics Ministry that supports evangelism, radio outreach, and provides full-time support for several foreign missionaries. Traditionally, the story of the Israelites passage through the Red Sea has been associated with baptism, and the journey toward the promised land is associated with the earthly pilgrimage toward heaven. [3] The consensus among modern scholars is that the story in the Book of Exodus is best understood as a myth. When adult Moses kills an abusive Egyptian slave driver, he flees the country. Biblical context Historical element. by Jeffrey Kranz | Nov 17, 2018 | Bible Books | 27 comments. [1][2] American biblical scholar Carol Meyers, in her commentary on Exodus, suggests that it is arguably the most important book in the Bible, as it presents the defining features of Israel's identitymemories of a past marked by hardship and escape, a binding covenant with God, who chooses Israel, and the establishment of the life of the community and the guidelines for sustaining it. The Israelites are to take a lamb on the 10th day of the month, sacrifice the lamb on the 14th day, daub its blood on their mezuzotdoorposts and lintels, and to observe the Passover meal that night, during the full moon. Read | What is Mark of Cain in the Bible? Exodus is the second book in the Torah, or Pentateuch, of the Hebrew Bible. God is now dwelling among His chosen people, Israel. I pray that I could absorb all that, live it and teach it. Oh my..those breakdowns added immensely to my study of the Word. Levy, Thomas E., Thomas Schneider, William H.C. Propp. He believed in every word said by him and also used different prayers for worshiping him. God informs Moses of their apostasy and threatens to kill them all, but relents when Moses pleads for them. Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Bibliographies and Surveys of Scholarship, History of Composition and Literary Context, Exodus and Wilderness Journey (Exodus 1618), Exodus and Revelation at Mount Sinai (Exodus 1934), Exodus and Tabernacle (Exodus 2531, 3540), Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section. Nothing is outside His jurisdiction. In their view, the book was originally written for the Judahites of the monarchical period but it was completed in the post-Exilic period for the returning Jews. As desert life proves arduous, the Israelites complain and long for Egypt, but God miraculously provides manna for them to eat and water to drink. There is a wide variety of poetic types found in Scripture, particularly in the Psalms. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Like the rest of the Torah, covenant is a big theme here. (including. [15], There is no unanimous agreement among scholars on the structure of Exodus. The great Moses of the Bible is believed to be the writer of the wonderful book of exodus. Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs Gods power and presence manifest themselves impressively in the culminating account of the Covenant at Mt. God was also concerned about the suffering of the people and finally rescued them. God goes to war against the gods of Egypt, frees Israel from their tyranny, and then makes a pact with the new nation. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Instead, Hebrew poetry is based on the structure of the text, with meter and rhythm (as well as the use of a variety of literary techniques) often being the important elements that make up the structure of the poem. The way the content is organized, A concise biography of Anonymous plus historical and literary context for, In-depth summary and analysis of every chapter of, Explanations, analysis, and visualizations of. It was completely preserved in an Ethiopic translation from Greek, and large parts from the beginning and end of the Greek version have been published from two papyri. Moses pleads with God on Israels behalf, and the nation is given another go at keeping Gods commands. (Chapter 4), Ordinary Time in the Christian Liturgical Year, Apocalypse Bible Meaning, Folklore and Synonyms, 100+ Names of Animals in the Bible, A to Z, Difference Between Angels, Demons, and Ghosts, The Ten Commandments and the Giving of the Law. Hamilton relates Exodus to the rest of Scripture and includes his own translation of the . Sinai (or Horeb). Are we allowed to print them? Since Exodus continues the sacred story of the divine promise to Israel begun in Genesis, it must be seen as part of a larger literary unit that is variously understood to include the first four, five, or six books of the Bible. Its hard to miss this one! This article is about the second book of the Torah and the Old Testament. The book of exodus is very old and was written somewhere around 1450-1410 BC. Introduction. Some of the best poetry ever written is found in Gods Word. The story of the exodus began in the country of Egypt, at the time when the people of God were living in slavery to the Pharaoh. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. After this comes the Covenant ceremony with burnt offerings and the sacrifice of oxen, with the blood of the animals thrown both on the altar and on the people to sacramentally seal the Covenant, followed by a sacral meal of Moses and the elders at the mountaintop, during which they see God. =). Zipporah circumcises their son and the attack stops. Tq. The E strand, which designates God as Elohim, is a version of the sacred story from the northern kingdom of Israel, written in about 900750 bce. If we view the Law in this manner, we then have a better understanding of ourselves and are able to follow God more faithfully. Proverbs and wisdom literature are short statements of truth for common and general rules of life (which have exceptions). It is mentioned in this book that God rescues and then delivered his people while guiding . If you have any issues, please call the office at 385-246-1048 or email us at [emailprotected], by Matt Slick | Apr 1, 2023 | Questions, The Occult. Moses is traditionally credited as the human author of theOld-Testamentbook of Exodus. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: I AM has sent me to you. , God also said to Moses, Say to the Israelites, The LORD, the God of your fathersthe God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacobhas sent me to you., This is my name forever, the name by which I am to be remembered from generation to generation. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Read | 6 Witty Prayer Activities for Children. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. I appreciate your work. Moses negotiates with Pharaoh for Israels freedom, passes Gods laws on to the people of Israel, and even pleads for mercy on Israels behalf when they anger God. Richard W. Nysse. The link was not copied. and bad (murder, theft, etc). of a part of their history. Read | Degrees of Sin and Punishment in Hell. There also seem to be two distinct strands in the account of the sealing of the Covenant in the first 11 verses of chapter 24. While in Genesis we see God working through a family, in Exodus we see God working with an entire nation. The second half of the book tells of the Covenant that was established between God and Israel at Sinai and promulgates laws for the ordering of Israels life. The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica. While the rest of the nations serve lesser gods, Yahweh selects the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as the people group that will serve him and him alone. They were often used by Jesus in the Gospels. I have began to read the bible from the beginning again and this time and I am truly enjoying it and learning so much and your comments even make it much more clearer. He writes in a popular, journalistic style, and with an infectious enthusiasm. For more information or to contact an Oxford Sales Representative click here. Lets take a look at some of those styles found in Gods Word. So now, go. Is it not I, the LORD? [30], List of Torah portions in the Book of Exodus:[31]. While God is giving Moses laws for the people, the people start worshiping a golden calf not cool. [24], The second half of Exodus marks the point at which, and describes the process through which, God's theophany becomes a permanent presence for Israel via the Tabernacle. More specifically, the story of the Israelites deliverance from slavery has powerfully inspired the Black Christian tradition in the United States. Regretting his decision, Pharaoh commands his chariot army after the Israelites, who appear trapped at the Red Sea. The book gets its name from the nation of Israels mass emigration from Egypt, but thats only the first part of the story. author was also writing for all Jewish people, since it is a record by Alex Carmichael | Mar 29, 2013 | Questions, The Bible. God gives Moses the two tablets of stone containing the words of the ten commandments, written with the "finger of God".[18]. Is the god of this world Satan or Jesus in 2 Cor. View Chuck Swindoll's chart of Exodus, which divides the book into major sections and highlights themes and key verses. 749 Words. Exodus is where the story of the Bible really starts picking up. To let that sink in for a moment, imagine this: If our publishing age is marked by the cross, it is because the cross the shorthand for the death and resurrection of Christ. Exodus contains the core story of salvation for ancient Israel, the biography of the liberator and lawgiver, Moses, and the central religious rituals for celebrating salvation, including Passover, Unleavened Bread, First Fruits, Torah observance, and the guidelines for building the proper sanctuary for worship. Finally, only with the help of the divine guidance of God and also the leadership, the people would be able to escape from this particular sin of slavery. [26] A covenant is a legal document binding two parties to take on certain obligations towards each other. Exodus (in the Greek, Latin, and English versions) means "a going out," referring to the seminal event of the liberation of Israel from Egyptian bondage through the wondrous acts and power of God. Moses was writing for the Israelite people who were wandering in You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Stand firm and you will see the deliverance the Lord will bring you today. Exodus, the liberation of the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt in the 13th century bce, under the leadership of Moses; also, the Old Testament book of the same name. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Thanks. But one baby boy escapes this fate: the Hebrew Moses grows up in Pharaohs household. The contents of the book may be summarized thus: (1 . This is related to the theme of covenantspecifically, the expectations God has for the people of Israel. It takes the story of the Israelites from their presence in and oppression by Egypt up to the reception of the divine law that occupies the entire book of Leviticus and much of Numbers. The Book of Exodus (from Ancient Greek: , romanized:xodos; Hebrew: m, 'Names') is the second book of the Bible. Israel's departure from bondage and journey through the wilderness can symbolize our journey through a fallen world and . It is part of the Pentateuch, one of the holiest sections of religious text and foundational to the Jewish faith. God is faithful, and keeps His promise to Abraham (Gn 15:1321) by judging the Egyptians and liberating Israel. The English name of the book derives from the Septuagint (Greek) use of exodus to designate the deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage and their safe passage through the Sea of Reeds (traditionally mislocated as the Red Sea). Many modern scholars hold that this is presented as the initial form of a Covenant renewal ceremony that was repeated either annually or every seven years in ancient Israel. The historical context to the Book of Exodus is presented in the first chapter. Genealogies, in the Bible, are lists that document a family lineage. It follows the story of the Israelite ancestors in Genesis, which concludes with the migration of Jacob's family to Egypt during a time of famine. The first strand is a series of natural explanations for the sequence of the plagues in . That so much of the book (chapters 2531, 3540) describes the plans of the Tabernacle demonstrates the importance it played in the perception of Second Temple Judaism at the time of the text's redaction by the Priestly writers: the Tabernacle is the place where God is physically present, where, through the priesthood, Israel could be in direct, literal communion with him. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: 'I am has sent me to you.'". It mainly explains the salvation of Israelites from mistreatments by the Egyptians. I am slow of speech and tongue., The LORD said to him, Who gave man his mouth? God gives Moses instructions for the construction of the tabernacle so that God may dwell permanently among his chosen people, along with instructions for the priestly vestments, the altar and its appurtenances, procedures for the ordination of priests, and the daily sacrifice offerings. Exodus opens with the Israelites change of status from guests to slaves in the land of Egypt (Exodus 12), which sets the stage for the divine rescue of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery through the leadership of Moses (Exodus 315), their initial journey into the wilderness to the divine mountain (Exodus 1618), and the divine revelation of law, the formation of a covenant, and the construction of a portable sanctuary at Mount Sinai (Exodus 1940), before the story continues with the formation of the sacrificial cultic system in Leviticus, the formation of the wilderness camp in Numbers 110, and the second stage of the wilderness journey in Numbers 1136. The "three hundred years" of Jdg 11:26 fits comfortably within this time span (see Introduction to Judges: Background). C. J. Humphreys has written: 'The miracles of Exodus' -- subject(s . God commands Moses to construct two new tablets. Who gives him sight or makes him blind? The slavery of Israel is believed to be a picture of the slavery of man to sin. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Author: Moses was the author of the Book of Exodus ( Exodus 17:14; 24:4-7; 34:27 ). From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Your video and the overview help me to plan and organize my bible study for kids well ! God makes a solemn, binding agreement with the people of Israel, establishing himself as their god and them as his people. God saves Israel miraculously by parting the Red Sea and allowing Israel to escape their would-be captorsand then uses the sea to wash away Pharaohs army. This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and ensure you get the best experience. The constancy of Gods directive power and concern is displayed notably in the period (40 years) of wilderness wandering (on the eastern and southern borders of Canaan), when Israel is tested and tempered not only by hardship but also by rebellious despair that looks back longingly to Egyptian bondage (see also below Numbers). It is among the books of Torah. The Hebrew people lived in the lands outside of the promised land for forty years. Israel was in Egypt, Joseph was dead along with all those of his generation, and the new Pharaoh had no idea who Joseph . But God also has the responsibility of directing the people through the godly relationships and leadership of Moses. The frequency of references to Exodus by various biblical writers, and even Jesuss own words, testify to its importance. When the last plague kills Pharaohs son, he finally allows Israel to leave. So if you want to understand any other book of the Old Testament, youll need a basic understanding of what happens in Exodus. CARM |P.O. In God's timing, the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt marked the end of a period of . The 10th plague comes that night, causing the death of all Egyptian firstborn sons, prompting Pharaoh to expel the Israelites. Exodus is the second book of the Pentateuch (the five books of Moses), and it's where we find the stories of the Ten Plagues, the first Passover, the parting of the Red Sea, and the Ten Commandments.. Exodus is a starburst of Old and New Testament theology. His cross marks the centerpiece of redemptive history. Deuteronomy begins, The words that Moses spoke to all Israel, and by late antiquity, Moses had come to be regarded as the writer of all of the first five books of the Bible, known as the Pentateuch. God makes a covenant with the nation of Israel and the generations to come: because He rescued them from Egypt, Israel is to observe His rules. [4], The English name Exodus comes from the Ancient Greek: , romanized:xodos, lit. Exodus is preserved in ancient and medieval tradition in a variety of different languages as illustrated in Wrthwein 1995, of which the Hebrew and Greek versions are the most important for the critical study of the text. This relationship comes with certain expectations, with benefits for the Israelites if they uphold their end of the agreement, and consequences if they do not. AaronMoses brother and right hand. This fragment from the Book of Exodus is a bifolium presenting the text of Exodus 21:16-35a on fol. The Israelites leave Egypt and make their way to Mount Sinai, where God gives His laws to Moses. Symbol of Liberation. Read | Why Did Cain Kill Abel in Bible? Struggling with distance learning? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Thank you, Scott. The English name of the book derives from the Septuagint (Greek) use of "exodus" to designate the deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage and their safe passage through the Sea of Reeds (traditionally . Christians, like adherents to many other religions, have long fasted. The book gets its name from the nation of Israel's mass . Please subscribe or login. He established a system of sacrifice, which guided them in appropriate worship behavior. Like the other books of the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament), Exodus has traditionally been attributed to Moses. Answer (1 of 25): Here is a good overview of the book of Exodus from GotQuestions.org: "Author: Moses was the author of the Book of Exodus (Exodus 17:14; 24:4-7; 34:27). The exact date or year of the book when it was written is not known. Who Was Herod? Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Thank you for your interest in supporting CARM. Problems resulting from aural conditioning, Manuscripts and printed editions of the Septuagint, English translations after the Reformation, Medieval and modern versions: Dutch, French, and German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, and Portuguese translations, Scandinavian, Slavic, Spanish, and Swiss translations, From the period of the divided monarchy through the restoration, The divided monarchy: from Jeroboam I to the Assyrian conquest, The Torah (Law, Pentateuch, or Five Books of Moses), Offerings, sacrifices, and priestly worship, Deuteronomy: the lawbook and the conclusion, Concluding exhortation and traditions about the last days of Moses, Division of the land and renewal of the Covenant, The roles of Deborah, Gideon, and Jephthah, Samuel: the rise and significance of David, Apocryphal works indicating Persian influence, Apocryphal works lacking strong indications of influence, The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Young Men, Pseudepigrapha connected with the Dead Sea Scrolls, The War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness, Conditions aiding the formation of the canon, The need for consolidation and delimitation, Impulse toward canonization from heretical movements, Canonical standards of the 3rd and 4th centuries, Determination of the canon in the 4th century, The physical aspects of New Testament texts, The religious situation in the Greco-Roman world of the 1st century, Adaptation of the Christian message to the Hellenistic religious situation, Early theories about the Synoptic problem, The Gospel According to Mark: background and overview, The Gospel According to Mark: unique structure, The fourth Gospel: The Gospel According to John, The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians, The Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians, The First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians, The Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians, The Pastoral Letters: I and II Timothy and Titus, The Johannine Letters: I, II, and III John, Biblical literature in the liturgy of Judaism, Biblical literature in the liturgy of Christianity, The critical study of biblical literature: exegesis and hermeneutics, Other types of exegetical critical techniques, The development of biblical exegesis and hermeneutics in Judaism, The development of biblical exegesis and hermeneutics in Christianity. Almost every book of the Bible contains some kind of prophecy. Many characters are mentioned in the Second book of the Bible. Virtues and Vices: New Testament Ethical Exhortation in I Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testa Worship in the New Testament and Earliest Christianity. Similarly, the Covenant Code (the law code in Exodus 20:2223:33) has some similarities in both content and structure with the Laws of Hammurabi. Copyright 2009 by Charles R. Swindoll, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. The books Hebrew title is Shemot, or names, because of the opening words, These are the names. Victor Hamilton, a highly regarded Old Testament scholar with over thirty years' experience in the classroom, offers a comprehensive exegesis of the book of Exodus. I use Pastor Chuck Swindoll's books a lot: Moses, David, Joseph, Esther, Hand Me Another Brick. Jesus Himself introduced a quote from Exodus 20:12 and 21:17 with the words, For Moses said (Mark 7:10), confirming His own understanding of the books author. Exodus is the second book of the Pentateuch(the five books of Moses), and its where we find the stories of the Ten Plagues, the first Passover, the parting of the Red Sea, and the Ten Commandments. God tells Moses to ascend the mountain. [25], The heart of Exodus is the Sinaitic covenant. Colin Humphreys is Professor of Materials Science at Cambridge University, and has written an intriguing book about the exodus. Please contact us or click here to learn more about how to enable JavaScript on your browser. Are you truly redeemed? In the series of frustrations, obstacles, and redeeming events that are narrated, Gods special causal power and presence are represented as being at work. This is the book in which God first lays out his expectations for the people of Israelwe know these expectations as the 10 Commandments. God asks whether they will agree to be his people They accept. God (Yahweh)the creator of heaven and earth and the divine being who chooses the nation of Israel to represent him on earth. A prophetic utterance in the Bible means to foretell or proclaim. The prophets acted as Gods spokesmen, prophesying His message (which was usually a warning and a call to righteousness). Exodus, Numbers, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Jonah, and Acts. The overall theme of Exodus is redemptionhow God delivered the Israelites and made them His special people. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. This theory is supported by a number of factors. However, now theres another problem: how will the people live in the presence of such a holy and powerful being? Pharaohthe chief antagonist in the Exodus story. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. Beginning in the early modern period, scholars have usually rejected Mosaic authorship. God hardens the Pharaohs heart, sends plagues that afflict the Egyptians but spare the Hebrews, causes the waters to recede in the Sea of Reeds (or Papyrus Marsh) to permit passage to the fleeing Israelites and then to engulf the pursuing Egyptians (the horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea), and gives the people guidance in their wandering in the wilderness. This book describes the relationship of the god with Moses and his other devotees and also the belief that if the people trusted the god, then they will always end up at the right place and at the right time. When God gives Israel the Ten Commandments, he frames them by stating his relationship to the Hebrews. The second purpose of the Law is for the restraint of evil. It is also referred by the various religious people and the people of the god who were present at that particular time, and also all those people who were yet to be born, that is, the future generations. Please send me. God bless Chuck, God bless Insight For Living. However, by the end of the book, God is dwelling in the middle of Israels camp in the wilderness. God speaks the Ten Commandments directly to the whole nation of Israel, and He relays specific ordinances to Moses on the mountain. Its also important to know that some books of the Bible even contain different literary styles within the very same book. By placing prophecies in this context it prevents the mistake of looking for modern fulfillments that were never intended. [16] On this plan, the first part tells of God's rescue of his people from Egypt and their journey under his care to Sinai (chapters 119) and the second tells of the covenant between them (chapters 2040).[17].
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