5 factors affecting political participation
How do you think not letting them vote might affect what kind of policy is made. Psychological or cognitive traits 2. Youth political engagement in Australia and the United States: student councils and volunteer organizations as communities of practice, Studying oil, islam, and women as if political institutions mattered, Womens engagement in politics in the year of the woman, Politics of presence: women in the house and symbolic representation, Political participation of the urban poor, The impact of country characteristics on civic knowledge and political participation, Politikon: Iapss Journal of Political Science, The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, The factors affecting the women political participations in Jordanian parliamentary elections (2003-2013), Increasing womens political participation: the role of women-friendly districts, Gender differences in political participation: comparing street demonstrators in Sweden and the United Kingdom, Economic inequality and democratic political engagement, Youth and Political Parties in Jordan, Amman, Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement, No Easy Choose: Political Participation in Developing Countries. Cf. Measuring gender differences in political knowledge. This, in turn, affected their voting in the elections. In addition to voting, people engage in a range of activities during campaigns. They work for political parties or candidates, organize campaign events, and discuss issues with family and friends. Social, cultural, and economic factors can keep people from voting. TOS 7. The original and the edited tape tell two different stories of the same event. It provides citizens a sense of dignity and value, alerts both the rulers and the ruled to their duties and responsibilities and facilitates broader political understanding. The United States holds a large number of elections, and each is governed by specific rules and schedules. As well as, there was a regional affiliation gap in voting in national and local elections, as non-Jordanians (Palestinian) voting was low. Results show that only the intrinsic motivation has a significant impact to the political participation of the SK officials. depends on the situation and if the other sex is open minded, American political ideologies and beliefs. Considered one of the most impactful expressions of patriotism, voting is the primary means of participating in politics. Childs, S. (2004), A British Gender Gap? The main reason for voting in the elections according to family income was practicing the constitutional right. with (33.5 per cent) for the family income category (500 dinars), and (22.2 per cent) for the family income category (500 less than 700 dinars). Some political activities, such as boycotts and protest movements, involve many people working together to attract the attention of public officials. Participation witnessed further expansion, as some studies have pointed out: Street protest, involvement in institutional policies, participating in social movements (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572), and engagement in political debates (Bernstein, 2005, p. 299). These events are designed to raise money and awareness of societal problems, such as poverty and health care. 1-16. (2013), What does political mean to you?, Political Behavior, Vol. Direct link to 07amclain's post It says that blue collare, Posted 3 years ago. (2011), Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here?, Politics and Gender, Vol. On the other hand, some studies found that there was a link between the working class, poor families or citizens living in poverty and those with low incomes in the one hand and participating in voting and traditional political activities in the other hand. The more the family income varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of high-income students. WebAttitudinal Factors. Co-operative activity. Over 70 percent of Minnesota voters cast ballots in the 2008 presidential election compared with 51 percent in Hawaii and West Virginia (McDonald). Women turnout during Indias 2014 parliamentary general elections was 65.63%, compared to 67.09% turnout for men. Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Dolan (2011), Fox (2011) discussed how to overcome the gender gap in voting. Homana (2018) and Oliver (2016) indicated the impact of age on political participation. Motor voters success in increasing the ranks of registered voters differs by state depending on how well the program is publicized and executed. Peter D. Hart Research Associates, New Leadership for a New Century (Washington, DC: Public Allies, August 28, 1998). A unique and special political act, voting allows for the views of more people to be represented than any other activity. In such activities they join hands with other people of the society to influence the actions of the government. Despite the scope of leadership, Pentecostal church leaders show less propensity of political participation for unknown reasons, especially in African countries. Although all these amendments, the political participation of Jordanian university students is still poor. Young people, in particular, used social media, like Facebook, to organize online on behalf of candidates. Homana (2018), Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Solt (2008), Atkeson (2003), Lawless and Fox (2001), Koch (1997), Brady et al. (1997), Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement, The Journal of Politics, Vol. Jacobson, G. C., The Politics of Congressional Elections (New York: HarperCollins, 1997). Up to 70 percent of members of single-issue groups show their support solely by making monetary contributions (Putnam, 2000). Participation gives an opportunity to express ones own point of view and secure the greatest good for the greatest number. This was due to many reasons, such as womens political alienation and their belief that their ability to make a political change is still weak, etc. A large majority of people who have registered to vote participate in presidential elections. In addition, it led the marginalized groups to be reluctant to participate in the voting. Voting is the most frequent citizen activity, especially in modern democracies. Not filmed at all was an intoxicated King driving erratically, leading police on an eight-mile, high-speed chase through crowded streets. Verba, S. and Nie, N. (1978), Participation and Political Equality, University Press, Cambridge. Gender and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Age and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Family income and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Regional affiliation and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. Rock the Vote (RTV), a nonpartisan youth mobilization organization, established the first online voter registration initiative in 1992 with official backing from the Congressional Internet Caucus. Lawless and Fox (2001) and Cohen and Dawson (1993) linked between income levels (wealth, social well-being, money and economic development) and political participation. Individuals acquire political beliefs due to cultural factors, including their demographic characteristics and their experiences with family, friends, school, religion, and the media. Quantitative research method was used in this study. The main reason for voting in the elections according to age was practicing the constitutional right. with (45.1 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23) and (24.8 per cent) for the age group (23 less than 30). The Jordanian leadership responded and announced constitutional amendments in 2011. A significant aspect of the relation of the individual to his/her political environment is his/her exposure to the influence of propaganda. Political parties also have an important role to play in political participation. Some are directly associated with the electoral sub-system and some are with other political activities. The more the age varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of older students. Koch, J.W. Also, the ratio of women's political participation is low. The eligible electorate in the 1800s, when voter turnout consistently exceeded 70 percent, was far different than the diverse pool of eligible voters today. In the USA, the turnout has been declining since 1972, especially in presidential elections. Education, gender, occupation, family, etc. 2, pp. It can be concluded that: the more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the Jordanian students. The study examines the impact of gender, age, family income and regional affiliation that represent important social and economic factors affecting political participation on the voting of Jordanian university students. It can be concluded that: The more the gender varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of male students. Methodology Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates, Answers to the most commonly asked questions here, The impact of social websites over Jordanian students intentions of active political participation: an application of theory of planned behavior, International Review of Management and Marketing, Jordanian women participation in the parliamentary elections of 2016: field study in Albalqa governorate, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Not all cues are created equal: the conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement, Gender, political participation and electoral systems: a cross-national analysis, Gendered characteristics of political engagement in college students, Beyond SES: a resource model of political participation, A British Gender Gap? Lawless and Fox (2001) pointed out that Low-income people refuse to vote because they have no incentive to do that. Consequently, high-income families can support the candidate who they chose. It says that blue collared workers are more likely to be affiliated with the Democratic party, and it says that the Southern region is more Republican. Extreme forms of protest behavior include acts that cause harm, such as when environmental activists place spikes in trees that can seriously injure loggers, terrorist acts, like bombing a building, and civil war. Far more people participate in politics by voting than by any other means. The law allowed all males and females as of 18years old to vote in elections (Article 3). They represented all segments of society: Al-Al Bayt University, which is located in the northern region of Jordan (14 colleges, 7,434 males and 9,809 females), the Jordanian University, which is located in the central region of Jordan (20 colleges, 12,716 males and 25086 females), the Mu'tah University, which is located in the southern region of Jordan (19 colleges, 7,614 males, Female 7,172). 59 No. Political scientists measure how US political behavior, attitudes, and ideologies are shaped by a number of factors over time. The voting ratio of female students was lower than that of males. (Nahar, 2012, p. 122). Midterm elections, in which members of Congress run for office in nonpresidential-election years, normally draw about one-third of eligible voters (Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993). Protest behavior can take many forms. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. The tape enraged blacks in Los Angeles who saw the police actions as being widespread within the Los Angeles Police Department and not an isolated incident. In addition, ethnic groups feel that they are marginalized within society, and they do not receive adequate political attention, So, they are reluctant to participate in voting. The politically aware are usually better able to relate their social values to their political opinions, to achieve stable, internally consistent belief systems. 1. Review of Economics and Political Science. Moreover, the voting ratio of the family income group (less than 500 dinars) was low; it was problematic because this group covered the majority of university students. The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. The number of people who give money to a candidate, party, or political organization has increased substantially since the 1960s. 571-589. This problem gained attention during the 2000 election. It was noted that the number of students in the age group (23 less than 30) was a total number of (171) including (141) participated in the voting with (82.5 per cent) in the same category. Jordanian Elections Law No. More voters were mobilized during this period of political upheaval in which people focused on issues of race relations, social welfare, and the Vietnam War (Piven & Cloward, 2000). Nahar, G.S. 16, pp. Moreover, after the Arab revolutions in late 2010 and early 2011, and Jordanian peaceful demonstrations and protests, the political leadership allowed more constitutional and legal amendments, which strengthened the political participation of all segments of people including Jordanian young people, particularly women (Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). Letters and phone calls almost always receive some kind of a response from members of Congress. Human Rights Watch and the Sentencing Project, Losing the Vote: The Impact of Felony Disenfranchisement Laws (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2000). This tactic was used effectively during the 1960s civil rights movement when African Americans sat in whites-only sections of public busses. (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1999). According to conventional wisdom, education is supposed to increases civic skills and political knowledge that functions as the causal mechanisms triggering Online strategies have been used to organize demonstrations against the globalization policies of the World Trade Organization and the World Bank. Specifically, it sought how culture, trust in governance institutions and civic education affect youth participation in political governance in Blantyre, Malawi. In addition, there was an age gap in voting in national and local elections, as young students voting was low. Globalization has influenced American politics by increasing the extent to which the United States influences, and is influenced by, the values of other countries. It has been argued that there is a positive correlation between these two processes and the political participation. Citizens can show their unhappiness with leadership choices by the symbolic act of not voting. Also, some social factors such as tribal affiliation affects students voting. An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. Soon after the verdict was announced, riots broke out. (2012), Jordanian womens political participation: legislative status and structural challenges, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. Second: The more the age varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. This, in turn, made them reluctant to vote in the elections. People salute the flag and recite the pledge of allegiance at the beginning of a school day, and they sing the national anthem at sporting events. Although the youth represent the largest number in these countries, their voting in elections is very poor. The campaign and rally have their effects on polarizing party attachments and reinforcing candidate preferences. In terms of patient-reported outcomes after OWHTO, several preoperative factors, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative radiological parameters have been posited as candidate influencing factors. Voting is the most prevalent form of political participation, although many eligible voters do not turn out in elections. 37, pp. Campaign activity also produces collective outcomes. By 2008, 44 percent of the public had contacted their member of Congress about an issue or concern (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). (8) of 1974 was issued to change the political life for Jordanian women. Moreover, those with wealth and a high level of well-being within society were the most participants in voting and in practicing political activities. Over two hundred websites were established to rally support for protests in Seattle, Washington; Washington, DC; Quebec City, Canada; and other locations. Koch (1997) and Verba et al. With so many elections, people can become overwhelmed, confused, or just plain tired of voting. In addition, ethnic diversity, different habits, incomes of people led to the difference in political participation. Homana, G.A. 3, pp. It is assumed that there is a relation between the cognitive status of low self-esteem and feeling of pessimism and alienation from society and political apathy. (6) of 2016, articles 3 and 8). When we define political behaviour in such broad terms as any form of (individual or collective) involvement in the political process, or any activity which has political consequences in relation to government and policy, then naturally both legitimate forms of political participation (such as voting in elections, activism in interest groups, or social movements) and illegitimate political activities (including terrorism, revolutions and coups detat) come under its purview. Some people may refuse to say the pledge of allegiance to express their dissatisfaction with government. What political causes do you care the most about? 286-302. Social psychologists have emphasized on psychological traits which stem from 2. Turnout was 55 percent in 2004 and 57 percent in 2008, when 132,618,580 people went to the polls (McDonald). Atkeson, L.R. Dalam artikel ini, akan dibahas faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi politik. In addition to strengthening the participation of young people, especially university students participating in voting and community participation (Jordanian constitution, articles 6, 16, 17, 18, and the election law No. Moreover, the lack of fair distribution of resources and the concentration the wealth in the hands of businessmen, made them feel marginalized. The study concluded that the gender, age, family income and regional affiliation factors affect the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. In contrast, the voting of the female students was (33.8 per cent). Huntington and Nelson (1976) have argued that voluntary (autonomous) and manipulated (mobilized) participation are not clearly distinguished categories. Introduction Political participation is the core component in democratic politics and is the essential requirement in the construction of socialism political civilization (W. Gao, 2008). Taking part in the political processes which lead to the selection of political leaders or determine or influence public policy is generally known as political participation. However,thereareotherswho the USA estrangement about engagement in electoral campaigns and community participation. The present study focuses on money (income). This, in turn, affected women's political aspirations and supported their sense of marginalization and lack of their equality with men. Owen, D., The Campaign and the Media, in The American Elections of 2008, ed. Milbrath, L. W. and M. L. Goel, Political Participation, 2nd ed. Four white officers were tried in criminal court for the use of excessive force, and they were acquitted of all but one charge. In addition to traditional forms of campaign activity, like attending campaign rallies and displaying yard signs, the Internet provided a gateway to involvement for 55 percent of Americans (Owen, 2009). Based on the above: Palmer and Simon (2008) pointed out that difference of regions within the same country affected the political participation of the inhabitants of these regions. Social environment includes elements like education, occupation, income, age sex, race, caste, ethnicity, mobility and habitation. Beginning in the 1980s, some states, including Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, made it possible for people to register on Election Day. There is no consensus among scholars whether to include in its definition illegal as well as legal activity, unsuccessful and successful attempts of influence and involuntary as well as voluntary action. It is a term applied to various types of activities ranging from political orientations, attitude, knowledge, interest in politics, identification with a political unit (political party or its any wing) to taking active part in political action such as rally, demonstration, strike or campaigning for voting in elections. 8 No. States argue that their legal authority to deny convicted felons voting rights derives from the Fourteenth Amendment, which stipulates that voting rights of individuals guilty of participation in rebellion, or other crime can be denied. Pyeatt, N. and Yanus, B. The growth of an interconnected world economy and culture, fueled by lowered trade barriers between nations and advances in communications technology. Maybe you coach a little league team, visit seniors at a nursing home, or work at a homeless shelter. The following video is the CNN News Report on the Los Angeles Riots, including Rodney Kings appeal to stop the violence. Direct link to veighn.dangerfield's post depends on the situation , Posted 5 months ago. What would happen if both parents had two different political ideologies for example- MOM- Democrat and Dad - Republican? The political landscape for many African nations does not provide the platforms where citizens can loudly and freely engage with the governments to harness democracy. Level of modernization and urbanization 5. White collar workers, women who work in the home, Parents strongly aligned with Democratic Party, Parents strongly aligned with Republican Party.
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